成为生活全能大师,这些电力知识一定要知道!

之前,我们给大家介绍过关于澳大利亚电力的基本情况,点击回顾

那么其实,澳洲的电力知识中还有一些比较复杂的概念。

那些电力行业中复杂的名词到底是什么意思?

是不是电力零售商编出来套路客户的呢?

今天我们更深入的为大家讲解,澳洲电力的相关知识。

之前说过了电力的供应是分为4个部分,

发电厂-输电网络-配电网络-终端,

DE在其中的角色是帮助客户出具账单,将电费交至发电及输配电网络,并帮助客户解决任何与电力有关的问题,包括常规问题咨询,以及向电表公司发送更换或者维修电表的申请等等。

快联系我们,享受一对一中文电力顾问。 (微信搜索公众号:Discover Energy)

这里的电表公司,是第三方公司。根据澳洲行业规定,电力零售商不可以拥有属于自己的电表公司。所以所有电表有关的,包括读表,检查维修,更换电表等都是需要这个第三方电表公司来负责。这样可以确保读表的公正性,所以在澳洲是不会存在故意读错电表的情况出现。

有的时候遇到一些电力的问题,或者想换电力公司的时候,经常会遇到工作人员询问你的NMI是多少的情况,那么什么是NMI呢?

NMI

NMI(National Metering Identifier)就像你家住址的电力身份证一样,可以精确地提供你这个地址的电力连接的信息,它是由11位数字字母组合而成,可以在电费账单上找到你的NMI。这样就不会产生电力接错等问题。

另外,还有一个高频出现的名词叫做tariff code,那么到底什么是tariff code呢?这是一个电力必备的名词常识,也是最复杂的一个概念。

Tariff code

你的tariff code决定了你的电价。供电商更是根据不同的tariff code来给出不同的价格。这就是为什么,有的时候你的电价和你隔壁的邻居都是不一样的,因为你们tariff code不一样。

tariff code是由配电网络设置规定的,其中包含的最主要的信息有三点:

1.      客户的地址是一个居民地址还是商业地址

2.      客户所在地址属于哪个配电网络

3.      电费的计费方式是单一电价还是分时电价

这个叫做用户的tariff。Tariff是一种电网对电力零售商收取的费用,然后能源零售商将这部分费用分给顾客,以支付建造、维护和操作电力线路以及向用户的所在地址供电的成本,费用分为固定费用和可变费用两个组成部分。

Demand charge

对于部分商业和居民用户,会出现一项计费,叫做demand charge。

所谓demand charge这个概念其实是为了节约电力。供电商取供电账单周期内,以十五分钟为单位的最大用电量,并根据这个用电量额外收取一笔费用,这个费用就是demand charge,有的人会把他理解为罚款。

之所以这个demand charge会存在是因为,供电商在几十年前建设电网的时候,没有预计到这个地区的人口数量会极速增长到现在的水平,所以电网承受不起如此多人口的用电,但是现阶段又无法重新建设电网,所以收取demand charge控制用电,这相当于一笔罚款,因为大量的用电增加了电网的负荷。

一般,demand charge会出现在大型工厂,或者新型建设的高密度住宅区。  

供电商也在慢慢将住宅用户过渡到demand tariff,当您的住宅被划定为demand tariff,用户是无法改变的,能做的是知道如何控制自己的用电,平均好每天的用量,不要让某一天用量陡然升高,尽量避免同时使用耗电量高的电器,比如洗衣机和空调;在购买新的家用电器时,关注电器的耗电量。这样可以尽可能的减少demand charge。

Control load

对于有太阳能或者有control load的客户,会有一个独立的tariff code。

当你的电费单上出现这样的字样,就代表着你家有control load。

这里的Control load是指用户家里的某些大型电器,比如热水器或游泳池加热器,这种电器一般都有自己的独立电路,有些甚至会有独立的电表来记录电器的用电量。这也就是在账单上,这类control load总是单独计费的原因。

这种独立线路一般在一天中的特定时间内才会有电力供应,一般为夜晚至凌晨的时间,具体的时间是由配电网络规定的。同时,control load的收费也比普通的用电收费要便宜一些。如果客户是分时电价的话,control load的价格和off peak的价格相近。

一般一个network会有两个control load的类型,分别是control load 1和control load 2。

我们以network Ausgrid为例,

上图可以解释为:

如果用户拥有的是control load 1 tariff 那么这条线路只在晚上10点到早上7点间的6个小时供电,用户只能用这段时间对泳池或者水进行加热。

Control load 2有电时间比control load 1更长一点,一般会在一天的两段时间内供电。对于Ausgrid用户来说,时间是从下午八点到下午五点间的16个小时。

(这些时间可能因分布地区的不同而不同,请参阅您所在地区的相关电价说明书。)

如果想拥有多一点的烧水时间,可以从control load 1换到control load2,这个您可以直接向您的电力公司发出申请,我们就会为您操作。Control load 1 适用于一些有大型水箱的客户,这种水箱可以更长时间储存热量。Control load 2适用于想要在不同时间段烧水的小水箱用户。

如果您家目前没有control load,但是又有大型的电器,比如热水器,地下供暖设备或者泳池加热系统等,那么是可以考虑添加一个control load tariff的。想要添加control load tariff,首先您需要联系您的电力公司确定您的电表是否可以记录control load用量。然后,需要派一个电工去您家去您家检查并安装线路。在电工结束工作后,会反馈给电力公司,我们会帮您更新电表的收费情况。

值得注意的是,control load tariff是否会省钱取决于用户的用电时间以及用电习惯。比如说,烧热水是一个非常耗能的过程,所以如果客户可以以比正常电价稍便宜的费用来加热水,是可以帮客户省钱的。

添加control load tariff可能会产生的费用有:

1.更换或添加电表产生的费用。

2.Control load电表可能存在每日的supply charge。

但是总体而言,这些花费远远少于您可以节省的电费。

掌握了这些电力知识, 就可以更清楚的了解家里的电力状态。可以更加了解澳洲电力市场。

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